Original Prompt Provided by Jessie Peterson

Quothalinguist – Exploring language since ’89

Day Twenty-Two

Goal: Create five proto-forms for flora.

Flora

Plantae – awaɬo

Fungi – hiro

Protozoa – jɛt͡ɕ’u

Tree – ŋi

Shrub – jut’ihu

Flowering Plant – θu

Herb – rɛmu

Day Twenty-Three

Goal: Create five proto-forms for fauna.

Fauna

Aves – cɛɬu

Amphibia – woɾi

Reptilia – ɾaɾaci

Mammalia – p’i’ama

Actinopterygii – ji

Mollusca – numu

Arachnida – maɾoja

Insecta – ɬot͡sʼo

Day Twenty-Four

Goal: Create five basic transitive verb proto-forms.

Transitive Verbs

to see – ɕi

to put – p’ɛha

to do – mo

to build – mɛɕi

to place – mɛ

to pour – sowi

to praise – rɛ

to watch – wɛ

to sacrifice – ɬat’i

to cut – hi’u

to enjoy – t’oma’i

to stream – ɬana

to fight – maɲu’ɛ

to know – k’u

to carry – ik’a

to take – ŋo

to test – rit͡sʼɛ

to taste – ɬiwu

to split – ŋalap’ɛ

to bear – ɾɛwa

to drive – t’ijɛ

to give – t’a’ɛ

to care – ɕit͡sʼat͡ɕ’a

to strike – up’ɛ

to clothe – ocu

to have – t͡sʼap’a

to hold – ɲana

to drink – wa’i

to eat – nip’a

to fear – t͡sʼiɬu

to hear – ca

to join – t’ɛ

to separate – jaŋu

to blend – t͡ɕ’uɲu

to boil – oŋu

to twist – θiθu

to scatter (to destruction) – ŋucu

to dig – t’i

Day Twenty-Five

Goal: Create five basic intransitive verb proto-forms.

Intransitive Verbs

to shine – ɬalo

to turn – li

to grow – it͡sʼu

to say – θiŋu

to go – t’a

to flow – jɛ

to call – muθa

to look – t’o

to ask – p’iɕo

to sit – ma

to walk – mat’u

to fly – k’o

to fall – it͡sʼo

to run – ha’a

to stand – hoɲi

to be – t͡sʼi

to follow – raɕaɾa

to whine – la’up’i

to lose – anɛ

to burn – lɛɾo

to roll – ji’a

to climb – uk’u

to dream – ola

to move – ɬoɕɛ

to rise – ju

to wind – sɛmi

to come – p’ɛ

to be cold – k’usi

to live – aho

to expire – lɛt’iɲok’ɛ

to die – uli

to torment – t’usɛ

to sweat – namu

to cough – p’uli

to guess – ot͡ɕ’i’i

Day Twenty-Six

Goal: Explore assimilatory sound changes.

Exploring Assimilation Rules

(w)e → je

C → C[+voiced] / V_V

ɛ e → ej je

C[- voiced] → C[+ voiced] / V_V

ɛ ɔ → je we

p t k s ts → b d ɡ z dz / V_V

s ts → ʃ tʃ / _i

e o → je wo / _#

{u,ɨ}i {,a,i {ɨi,i{a,ə}} u{ɨ,a,ə} → wi e je wo

Day Twenty-Seven

Goal: Explore deletion/reduction sound changes.

Exploring Deletion and Reduction Rules

w → ∅ / ! _{a,o}

j → ∅ / _e

w → ∅ / _o

Vm → Vv → V[+nas]v / _V

ah → o

”je.o ”je.a → {”i.o,”jo} ”i.a

f → h / ! _{ue,L}

h → ∅ “(just a reminder: from the f → h change above)”

{s̪,s} → h “(in all environments)”

{ɬ,ʂ} → s

{ʔ,h} → ∅

C → ∅ / #_

C → ∅ / #_

C → ∅ / #_

NVS → VⁿS / #_

C → ∅ / #_

NVS → VⁿS / #_

C → ∅ / #_

p → ∅ / {#,V_s}_

{ʔ,h} → ∅

ŋ → n

w → ∅ / _o

S → F / _{i,u} (Do not necessarily have to be fricatives at the same POA; in some cases, the phones go to null or to /l/)

Day Twenty-Eight

Goal: Explore fortifying sound changes.

Exploring Fortification Rules

∅ → w / _o

{β,w} {dʲ,ɟ} → v z

j w → dʒ b / V_V

uː → y (→ i in most descendants, with the exception of Engadine)

oj → we (sporadic)

s̪ → θ

{s̪,s} → θ [θ] “(merged as)”

r → {ʐ,χ}

w → v

{s,ts} → tsʼ

i[-long]C → Cj / #_ ! _i

u[-long]C → Cw / #_

a[-long]C → Ca / #_ (! _a?)

u i → w j / a_ when this a is a result of metathesis (?)

iC aC uC → Cj Ca Cw / #_ ! before an identical vowel

u i → w j / a_ when this a is a result of the preceding metathesis

∅ → j / #(C)iː(C)_V ! _i

∅ → w / #(C)uː(C)_V ! _u

∅ → a / #(C)aː(C)_V ! _a

∅ → j / #iː(C)_a

∅ → w / #uː(C)_a

t → tɬ / _{a,u}

l → n / #_

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